Teresa Cardoso*1, António Henriques Carneiro1, Orquídea Ribeiro2, Armando Teixeira-Pinto2 and Altamiro Costa-
Pereira2

P. Jeon
B.M. Kim
D.I. Kim
Y.S. Shin
K.H. Kim
S.I. Park
D.J. Kim
S.H. Suh

Ugur Filizcan, MD1, Erol Kurc, MD1, Sebnem Cetemen, MD1,
Ozer Soylu, MD2, Hakki Aydogan, MD1, Olgar Bayserke, MD1,
Muruvvet Yilmaz,MD1,Huseyin Uyarel,MD2,Mehmet Ergelen,MD2,
Gokcen Orhan, MD1,Murat Ugurlucan,MD3, Ergin Eren, Prof.,MD1,
and Ibrahim Yekeler, Prof., MD

J. Y. Ahn, K. D. Choi, J. Y. Choi, M.-Y. Kim, J. H. Lee, K.-S. Choi, D. H. Kim, H. J. Song, G. H. Lee, H.-Y. Jung, J.-H. Kim

Judson B. Williams, MD; Elizabeth R. DeLong, PhD; Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH;
Rachel S. Dokholyan, MPH; Fang-Shu Ou, MS; T. Bruce Ferguson, Jr, MD; for the Society of
Thoracic Surgeons and the National Cardiac Database

An observational study

Rainer Ritz, M.D., Ph.D.,1 Guenther C. Feigl, M.D.,1
Martin U. Schuhmann, M.D., Ph.D.,1 Andr é Ehrhard t, Ph.D.,2 Soeren Danz, M.D.,3
Susan Noell, M.D.,1 Antje Bornemann, M.D., Ph.D.,4
and Marc os S. Tatagiba, M.D., Ph.D.1

Shigeo Ohba, M.D., Ph.D.,1 Masahito Kobayashi, M.D., Ph.D.,2
Takashi Horiguchi, M.D., Ph.D.,1 Satoshi Onozuka, M.D.,1
Kazunari Yoshida, M.D., Ph.D.,1 Takayuki Ohira, M.D., Ph.D.,1
and Takeshi Kawase, M.D., Ph.D.1

Nan-Yao Lee a,c, Tsung Chain Chang e, Chi-Jung Wu a,c,f, Chia-Ming Chang a,c, Hsin-Chun Lee a,c,d,f, Po-Lin Chen a,f, Ching-Chi Lee a,b,f, Nai-Ying Ko c,g,
Wen-Chien Ko a,c,d,h,*