Anoar Zacharias, MD,a Thomas A. Schwann, MD,b Christopher J. Riordan, MD,b Samuel J. Durham, MD,b,c

Aamir S. Shah, MD,b,c Milo Engoren, MD,b and Robert H. Habib, PhDa,d

Nikolaos P.E. Kadogloua,b,⁎, Hercules Tsanikidisc, Alkistis Kapelouzoub, Ioannis Vrabasd,

Ioulia Vittaa, Panayotis E. Karayannacosb, Christos D. Liapise, Nikolaos Sailera

Steven J. Keteyian, PhD,a Debra Isaac, MD,b Udho Thadani, MD,c Brad A. Roy, PhD,d Daniel R. Bensimhon, MD,e

Robert McKelvie, MD, PhD,f Stuart D. Russell, MD,g Anne S. Hellkamp, MS,h and William E. Kraus, MD,h on behalf

of the HF-ACTION Investigators Detroit, MI; Calgary, Alberta and Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Oklahoma City, OK;

David Fernandez, Andras Perl ⁎