Mary J. Roman, MD,* Richard B. Devereux, MD,* Jorge R. Kizer, MD, MSC,* Peter M. Okin, MD,*

Elisa T. Lee, PHD,† Wenyu Wang, PHD,† Jason G. Umans, MD, PHD,‡ Darren Calhoun, PHD,‡

Barbara V. Howard, PHD‡

Peter S. Munk, MD,a,b Eva M. Staal, MD, PHD,a,b Noreen Butt, MD,a Kjetil Isaksen, MD,a and

Alf I. Larsen, MD, PHDa,b Stavanger and Bergen, Norway

Joshua I. Rosenbloom, MPH,a Gregory A. Wellenius, ScD,a Kenneth J. Mukamal, MD, MPH,a and

Murray A. Mittleman, MD, DrPHa,b Boston, MA

Sana M. Al-Khatib, MD, MHS,a,b Gail Hafley, MS, a Robert A. Harrington, MD, a,b Michael J. Mack, MD,c

Thomas Bruce Ferguson, MD,d Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH,a,b Robert M. Califf, MD, a,b Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, MD, e

and John H. Alexander, MD, MHSa,b Durham and Greenville, NC; Dallas, TX; and St. Louis, MO

Mohammad Reza Movahed, MD, PhD,a,b Mehrtash Hashemzadeh, MS,c Ali Khoynezhad, MD,d

M. Mazen Jamal, MD,c and Radhakrishnan Ramaraj, MDa,b

Eliane R. Winkelmann, PT, DSc,a,b Gaspar R. Chiappa, PT, DSc,a Camila O. C. Lima,a Paulo